When it is recommended
The main indication is rectal cancer in the upper or middle rectum. The goal is complete removal of the tumour with an adequate margin of healthy tissue and its surrounding lymph node–bearing fatty sheath (the mesorectum), while preserving bowel continuity and continence.
How the operation is performed
Laparoscopic where feasible. The rectum and its mesorectum are carefully mobilised using a technique called total mesorectal excision (TME), which is the standard of care for rectal cancer. The diseased segment is removed and the healthy colon is joined to the remaining rectum using a surgical stapler.
Temporary ileostomy
Many patients have a temporary loop ileostomy (a small-bowel stoma on the abdomen) to protect the new join while it heals. The stoma is usually reversed in a second, smaller operation 8–12 weeks later. Whether one is needed is discussed in detail before surgery.
Recovery
Hospital stay is typically 5–7 days. Bowel function after anterior resection can change: stools may be more frequent or loose for several months before settling. Pelvic floor exercises and dietary adjustments help. A stoma-care nurse supports patients with temporary ileostomies.