When it is recommended
Most often for colon cancer, but also for complications of diverticular disease (perforation, stricture, fistula), selected cases of inflammatory bowel disease, and large polyps that can’t safely be removed by colonoscopy. The specific operation depends on which segment of the colon is affected.
How the operation is performed
Laparoscopic where feasible. The affected segment of colon is mobilised; the feeding blood vessels are divided at their origin along with the surrounding lymph nodes; the segment is removed; and the two healthy ends of bowel are rejoined (anastomosis). Operating time is typically 2–3 hours.
Recovery
Hospital stay is typically 4–6 days. Early mobilisation is encouraged from the day after surgery, because walking reduces the risk of blood clots and speeds the return of bowel function. Diet advances gradually from sips of water to a regular diet over 3–5 days as bowel function returns.
What to expect afterwards
For cancer cases, the removed specimen goes to pathology for full staging; results are discussed in a follow-up visit about a week after surgery, and further treatment (such as chemotherapy) is arranged if indicated. Bowel habits may be slightly different for a few months but most patients return to a normal pattern.